For homeowners or builders looking to insulate a new home or replace old insulation the options can be a bit mind-boggling. Here is an over view of major insulation types and categories, including green options, to aid you in further research.
Before we get into types, you should know what an R value is. R value is the value used to measure the exact amount of resistance to heat flow a certain type of insulation provides. Resistance to heat flow works both by keeping hot air from entering from outside, and hot air from flowing. Higher R values equal more effective insulation types.
- Fiberglass: Although fiber glass is a known skin and lung irritant, most consumers are very familiar with it as an insulation type. It is effective, and easy to install in batt (long, handleable sheet) form, as long as there is plenty of space for it between the walls. Squeezing or squishing fiberglass decreases its effectiveness. R value is about 3 to 4 per inch.
- Mineral Wool: Also called rock wool, this type of insulation is more expensive than fiber glass and just as effective. Mineral wool is also a great sound proofer. It is sold, like fiber glass, to the general public in batt form. R value is about 3 to 4 per inch.
- Polystyrene Boards: These are boards that can be used with batt insulation to increase insulation effectiveness, or attached to the outside of a home under siding to further insulate under-insulated walls. In home fires, this type of insulation produces highly toxic smoke. R value is 4 to 5 per inch.
- Polyurethane Foam: This type of insulation can only be installed by a trained professional. It is sprayed directly into walls, corners, attic floors and under roof sheathing to create a seamless air barrier. In vegetable oil based form, this is a green insulation. R value is 4 to 4.5 per inch.
- Loose fill: This type of home insulation requires a professional to come to your home and blow loose fiberglass, mineral wool or fiberglass directly into your walls. This can be a good option for insulating uninsulated walls that are already built. The loose fill can settle over time, however, and how to prevent settling should be the number one question you ask a professional if considering this option. R value is 3 to 4 per inch.
- Green Insulation: Insulation made from recycled cotton is durable, effective and fully recyclable. It is also relatively inexpensive. The manufacturing process for cotton insulation requires less energy than fiber glass. R value for recycled cotton is 3 to 4 per inch. Another great, natural option is vegetable oil based polyurethane foam or blown in cellulose. Cellulose is natural, and nontoxic, but can settle, loosing effectiveness. The R values of these range from 3 to 5 per inch.
When choosing a home insulation, It is important to consider your homes overall construction and insulation needs. Properly installed insulation can save much in energy costs over time.
